Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neuronal death and accumulation of lipid droplets and glycogen granules within retinal pigment epithelium under the influence of mTOR and autophagy.

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)·2026
Same author

Spontaneous whole retinal degeneration in aged Beclin1 heterozygous mice.

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)·2026
Same author

Real-world evaluation of the transition between originator and follow-on glatiramer acetate in people with multiple sclerosis: the "GA transition" study.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same author

N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase Inhibition Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Precision Cut-Lung Slices and Downregulates NF-KBB Signalling.

Journal of medical virology·2026
Same author

Comparative Effectiveness of Cladribine and S1P Receptor Modulators in Treatment-Naive Relapsing-Remitting MS.

JAMA network open·2025
Same author

Modulation of mTOR Within Retinal Pigment Epithelium Affects Cell Viability and Mitochondrial Pathology.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same journal

Multiomics Profiling During Autoimmune Demyelination Highlights a Complex Regulatory Role for Ataxin-1 in B Cells.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same journal

Global Trends in Light Pollution and Their Relationship With Socioeconomic Factors.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same journal

Wired for Corruption: Inter-Brain Synchrony Encodes Bribery-Related Value Information and Predicts Bribery Agreement.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same journal

LM-YOLO: A Lightweight Multi-Scale Enhanced Model for Forest Smoke Detection Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same journal

Polyrhythm Perception and Production: A Scoping Review.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same journal

DARTS-CNN-BiLSTM: Intelligent Fault Diagnosis for Computer Numerical Control Machine Tool Feed System.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
09:16

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

Published on: January 22, 2016

Pathways of methamphetamine toxicity.

Michela Ferrucci1, Livia Pasquali, Antonio Paparelli

  • 1Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|November 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity affects dopamine (DA) neurons, involving reactive oxygen species and autophagy. Mutant SOD1, linked to ALS, shares cellular changes with METH-exposed neurons, suggesting defective autophagy in METH toxicity.

More Related Videos

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry
07:30

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry

Published on: November 21, 2012

Neurotoxicity Assessment in Adult Danio rerio using a Battery of Behavioral Tests in a Single Tank
08:36

Neurotoxicity Assessment in Adult Danio rerio using a Battery of Behavioral Tests in a Single Tank

Published on: November 3, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
09:16

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

Published on: January 22, 2016

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry
07:30

Single Cell Measurement of Dopamine Release with Simultaneous Voltage-clamp and Amperometry

Published on: November 21, 2012

Neurotoxicity Assessment in Adult Danio rerio using a Battery of Behavioral Tests in a Single Tank
08:36

Neurotoxicity Assessment in Adult Danio rerio using a Battery of Behavioral Tests in a Single Tank

Published on: November 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Methamphetamine (METH) is a neurotoxic drug affecting the nigrostriatal system.
  • METH-induced neurodegeneration involves reactive oxygen species and autophagic vacuoles in nigral neurons.
  • Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is crucial for METH's neurotoxic effects on dopamine (DA) neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the shared intracellular alterations between METH-exposed DA neurons and motor neurons in G93A transgenic mice.
  • To explore the role of autophagy in METH toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized G93A transgenic mice overexpressing a mutant form of SOD1.
  • Examined intracellular alterations in surviving motor neurons of these mice.
  • Compared these alterations to those in METH-exposed DA neurons.

Main Results:

  • Surviving motor neurons in G93A transgenic mice exhibit common intracellular alterations with METH-exposed DA neurons.
  • This suggests a potential link between mutant SOD1 and METH neurotoxicity pathways.

Conclusions:

  • A defective autophagy pathway may underlie the neurotoxic effects observed in nigral neurons during METH toxicity.
  • Findings highlight shared mechanisms in neurodegeneration, potentially involving SOD1 and autophagy.