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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...

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Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

Generations of sequencing technologies.

Erik Pettersson1, Joakim Lundeberg, Afshin Ahmadian

  • 1Department of Gene Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. eriq@kth.se

Genomics
|November 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA sequencing advancements promise personalized medicine, but costs remain high. Miniaturized, parallelized platforms are key to reducing expenses and increasing speed for widespread genomic analysis.

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Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

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Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization
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Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization
12:37

Pyrosequencing for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Published on: August 22, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Bioinformatics
  • Biotechnology
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • DNA sequencing technologies are rapidly advancing, approaching Moore's Law.
  • While costs are decreasing, whole genome sequencing remains expensive for routine use.
  • Current technologies offer improved throughput compared to older Sanger sequencing methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of DNA sequencing advancements on personalized medicine.
  • To address the current cost limitations of whole genome sequencing.
  • To discuss the role of emerging technologies in reducing sequencing costs and increasing accessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current DNA sequencing platforms and their performance metrics.
  • Analysis of cost reduction trends in sequencing technology.
  • Discussion of future directions, including miniaturized, parallelized, and single-molecule approaches.

Main Results:

  • Sequencing costs are decreasing exponentially, but remain a barrier to widespread adoption.
  • Massively parallel sequencing systems show significant throughput improvements.
  • Miniaturized and parallelized platforms are expected to further reduce sample and template consumption, increasing speed and lowering costs.

Conclusions:

  • Continued innovation in DNA sequencing is crucial for realizing the potential of personalized medicine.
  • Emerging technologies like miniaturized and single-molecule sequencing hold promise for cost-effective, high-throughput genomic analysis.
  • Wider accessibility to genomic data will accelerate advancements in human health and disease treatment.