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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis E: an emerging infection in developed countries.

Harry R Dalton1, Richard Bendall, Samreen Ijaz

  • 1Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro, UK. harry.dalton@rcht.cornwall.nhs.uk

The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
|November 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E is more common in developed countries than previously thought, affecting older men and often misdiagnosed. Testing for this liver infection is recommended for unexplained hepatitis cases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis E is a significant cause of liver disease in developing nations.
  • It is traditionally considered rare in industrialized countries, primarily affecting travelers.
  • Emerging evidence suggests autochthonous hepatitis E is increasingly prevalent in developed nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing prevalence of autochthonous hepatitis E in industrialized countries.
  • To emphasize the disease's impact, particularly on older men.
  • To recommend broader testing for Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current epidemiological data on Hepatitis E.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges.
  • Discussion of potential sources and transmission routes.

Main Results:

  • Autochthonous hepatitis E is more common in developed countries than previously recognized.
  • The disease disproportionately affects older males, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Hepatitis E is frequently misdiagnosed, often as drug-induced liver injury.
  • Prognosis is poor in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E is an underestimated public health issue in industrialized nations.
  • Consideration of Hepatitis E is crucial for patients with unexplained hepatitis, irrespective of age or travel history.
  • A potential porcine zoonosis warrants further investigation for transmission and prevention strategies.