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Related Concept Videos

Reinforcement Schedules01:24

Reinforcement Schedules

Positive reinforcement is a powerful method for teaching new behaviors to both animals and humans. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments using rats in a Skinner box. When a rat pressed a lever, it received a food pellet. This immediate reward encouraged the rat to repeat the behavior. This method, where a reward follows every instance of the behavior, is known as continuous reinforcement. It is highly effective for establishing new behaviors quickly.
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Simple harmonic motion is the name given to oscillatory motion for a system where the net force can be described by Hooke's law. If the net force can be described by Hooke's law and there is no damping (by friction or other non-conservative forces), then a simple harmonic oscillator will oscillate with equal displacement on either side of the equilibrium position. To derive an equation for period and frequency, the equation of motion is used. The period of a simple harmonic oscillator is given...
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Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation
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Published on: August 14, 2015

Oscillations following periodic reinforcement.

Tiago Monteiro1, Armando Machado

  • 1Instituto de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.

Behavioural Processes
|November 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Pigeons trained with fixed interval schedules, but not variable interval schedules, showed distinct pause-peck oscillations during extinction. These behavioral patterns, influenced by reinforcement patterns, offer insights into operant conditioning processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral psychology
  • Animal behavior studies
  • Operant conditioning research

Background:

  • Periodic reinforcement schedules are fundamental in behavioral psychology.
  • Understanding extinction behavior is crucial for analyzing learned responses.
  • Previous research indicates varied responses to extinction based on reinforcement history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate behavioral oscillations during extinction after fixed interval (FI) and variable interval (VI) reinforcement.
  • To examine the effect of extinction segment length and reinforcement patterns on these oscillations.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of behavioral cycles following periodic reinforcement.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments involving pigeons exposed to different reinforcement schedules (FI, VI, and peak procedure).
  • Sessions included reinforcement phases followed by extinction segments of varying lengths.
  • Behavioral responses, specifically pause-peck oscillations, were recorded and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Pigeons under FI schedules exhibited pause-peck oscillations during extinction, with periods near the FI value.
  • VI-trained pigeons did not display these oscillations.
  • Longer extinction segments and reconditioning/re-extinction cycles enhanced oscillation reliability and onset.
  • Experiment 3 revealed well-defined pause-peck cycles with periods near twice the FI value.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral oscillations during extinction are specific to periodic reinforcement, particularly FI schedules.
  • The characteristics of these oscillations are influenced by reinforcement history and extinction parameters.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise neurobiological and cognitive processes driving these behavioral patterns.