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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, in vivo, Methodology
10:39

Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, in vivo, Methodology

Published on: December 7, 2011

Lithium's effect on bone mineral density.

Ali Zamani1, Gholamhossein R Omrani, Masoud Mousavi Nasab

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Bone
|November 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium carbonate treatment may preserve or increase bone mineral density in psychiatric patients. This study found higher bone density and lower bone turnover markers in lithium-treated individuals.

More Related Videos

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, in vivo, Methodology
10:39

Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, in vivo, Methodology

Published on: December 7, 2011

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Lithium salts are common psychiatric treatments.
  • Lithium's effect on bone mass is debated, with potential links to hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis.
  • Conflicting data necessitates further investigation into lithium's impact on bone density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effect of lithium therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers.
  • To compare BMD and biochemical markers between lithium-treated patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure BMD at the hip and lumbar spine.
  • Serum levels of calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), estradiol, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and C-telopeptide (CTX) were measured.
  • Fasting urinary calcium excretion was also determined.

Main Results:

  • Lithium-treated patients exhibited significantly higher BMD at the spine, femoral neck, and trochanter compared to controls.
  • Patients on lithium showed lower serum total ALP, osteocalcin, and CTX, indicating reduced bone turnover.
  • No significant differences were observed in serum total calcium, PTH, or urinary calcium excretion between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Maintenance therapy with lithium carbonate may preserve or enhance bone mass.
  • Lithium treatment appears to be associated with a state of lower bone turnover.
  • These findings suggest a potentially beneficial effect of lithium on bone health.