[Infantile pyknocytosis: a rare form of neonatal hemolytic anemia. 5 case-studies]

Infantile pyknocytosis (IP) is a rare hematological entity of newborns. It is a form of hemolytic anemia with unusual red cell morphology: the red blood cells are distorted, irregular, and small with many projections. Spontaneous resolution usually occurs by 4-6months of age.

We describe the clinical features and biological parameters of 5 cases of IP. The first symptoms were always early jaundice, which required phototherapy. Anemia was severe in all babies and red blood cell transfusion was needed.

IP is a rare cause of neonatal anemia whose diagnosis is based on a careful peripheral blood smear examination. In our study, anemia was severe and required red blood cell transfusion. Ethnic specificity and familial occurrence are reported in our experience.