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Related Concept Videos

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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Establishing 3D Endometrial Organoids from the Mouse Uterus
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Published on: January 6, 2023

Pinopodes: a questionable role in endometrial receptivity.

C E Quinn1, R F Casper

  • 1Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.

Human Reproduction Update
|November 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pinopodes are reliable markers for endometrial receptivity in rats but not in humans or mice. Their prolonged presence in the human luteal phase makes them unsuitable for identifying the brief window of implantation.

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Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Gynecology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Endometrial receptivity is key for successful implantation.
  • Pinopodes are cellular projections studied as markers of endometrial receptivity.
  • Their utility varies significantly across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of pinopodes in assessing endometrial receptivity.
  • To determine the clinical usefulness of pinopodes as implantation window markers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pinopodes in rodents and humans.
  • Analysis of pinopode presence and duration in relation to the window of implantation.

Main Results:

  • Pinopodes are strong indicators of endometrial receptivity in rats.
  • Pinopodes are inconsistent markers in mice and humans.
  • In humans, pinopodes persist for over 5 days, failing to identify the narrow 24-48 hour receptive window.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports pinopodes as reliable markers in rats.
  • Independent studies question their utility in humans and mice.
  • Clinical application for pinpointing the human implantation window is unlikely due to their prolonged presence.