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Related Concept Videos

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Antagonist01:28

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Antagonist

An antagonist is a drug that binds strongly to a receptor without activating it. An antagonist prevents other molecules, such as neurotransmitters or hormones, from binding to the receptor and triggering a cellular response. Such interaction effectively hinders the normal physiological processes mediated by the receptor, resulting in various pharmacological effects depending on the specific receptor targeted.
Antagonists can be classified as competitive or noncompetitive based on their...
Quantitative Aspects of Drug-Receptor Interaction01:30

Quantitative Aspects of Drug-Receptor Interaction

The receptor occupancy theory connects a drug's response to the number of occupied receptors. With higher drug concentrations, more receptors are occupied, leading to increased responses. The formation of drug-receptor complexes involves association and dissociation rates, which reach equilibrium when the forward and backward reactions are equal. The equilibrium association constant (Ka) and its inverse, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), indicate drug affinity. Higher Ka and lower Kd...
Drug-Receptor Interactions01:29

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Drug-receptor interaction describes the binding of receptors by drugs, but not all drug-receptor interactions result in activation and tissue response. For instance, the binding of agonists activates the receptor to generate a cellular reaction, while antagonists bind to receptors without causing their activation.
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist01:25

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Agonist

Agonists are drugs that interact with specific receptors in the body to produce a biological response. When an agonist binds to a receptor, it activates or enhances the receptor's function, leading to physiological effects. The interaction between agonist drugs and receptors is crucial for their therapeutic action in various medical treatments.
Agonists can bind to receptors in different ways. Some agonists bind directly to the receptor's active site, mimicking the endogenous ligand's action.
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...

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A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
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RxTerms - a drug interface terminology derived from RxNorm.

Kin Wah Fung1, Clement McDonald, Bruce E Bray

  • 1National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. kwfung@nlm.nih.gov

AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium
|November 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

RxTerms improves Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems by providing efficient drug terminology. This RxNorm-derived interface enhances prescription order entry accuracy and speed for prescribers.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Informatics
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Medical Terminology

Background:

  • Effective Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems rely on precise interface terminology.
  • Existing terminologies may not optimally support efficient prescription writing.
  • RxNorm is the U.S. designated standard for clinical drug information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce RxTerms, a novel drug interface terminology designed for CPOE systems.
  • To enhance the efficiency and completeness of prescription order entry.
  • To provide a free, up-to-date drug terminology linked to RxNorm.

Main Methods:

  • RxTerms reorganizes drug information into a two-dimensional structure mirroring prescriber practices.
  • Less commonly needed drug names were eliminated to streamline the interface.
  • Preliminary evaluation involved a list of the most frequently prescribed medications.

Main Results:

  • RxTerms demonstrated excellent coverage, achieving 99% for both generic and branded drug names.
  • A significant efficiency gain was observed compared to using unprocessed RxNorm names.
  • The reorganized terminology facilitates faster and more complete prescription orders.

Conclusions:

  • RxTerms effectively addresses the need for an efficient, free, and up-to-date drug interface terminology for CPOE.
  • The system enhances prescriber workflow and potentially reduces errors in medication ordering.
  • RxTerms serves as a valuable, RxNorm-linked resource for clinical drug information management.