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Cortisol secretion and clearance in the rhesus monkey.

J W Holaday, J L Meyerhoff, B H Natelson

    Endocrinology
    |April 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cortisol secretion occurs in episodic bursts from the adrenal cortex, with varying activity levels. Rhesus monkeys exhibit more frequent bursts and higher cortisol levels than humans, but similar overall production.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Primate Physiology

    Background:

    • Cortisol secretion patterns are crucial for understanding stress response and metabolic regulation.
    • Previous studies suggest episodic release, but detailed characterization in non-human primates is limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the detailed secretory patterns of cortisol in rhesus monkeys.
    • To compare cortisol dynamics between basal and ACTH-stimulated conditions.
    • To analyze pharmacokinetic parameters and circadian rhythms of cortisol in this species.

    Main Methods:

    • Simultaneous measurement of plasma cortisol concentration and specific activity after 14C-labeled cortisol administration.
    • Calculation of cortisol secretory rates during basal and ACTH-stimulated states.
    • Determination of distribution and clearance half-lives (t1/2) from plasma samples collected at 10-minute intervals.

    Main Results:

    • Plasma cortisol fluctuations result from episodic adrenal cortex secretion, sometimes with submaximal activity.
    • Cortisol secretory rates differed significantly between basal (20.4 µg/min) and ACTH-stimulated (28.4 µg/min) conditions (P < 0.05).
    • Cortisol exhibited a distribution t1/2 of 6 min, clearance t1/2 of 66 min, and a large apparent volume of distribution (4.8 L).
    • Monkey cortisol circadian patterns showed more frequent episodic bursts and higher mean levels than humans, yet comparable 24-hour production rates (10.5 mg).

    Conclusions:

    • Rhesus monkeys display distinct episodic cortisol secretion patterns with significant differences under stimulation.
    • Pharmacokinetic parameters suggest a complex distribution and clearance of cortisol in primates.
    • While exhibiting higher burst frequency and levels, rhesus monkeys' overall cortisol production aligns with human ranges, offering insights into primate endocrine regulation.

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