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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

First-order phase transitions: a study through the parallel tempering method.

Carlos E Fiore1

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|November 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parallel tempering (PT) effectively characterizes first-order phase transitions. This simulation method accurately estimates coexistence lines for models like the Blume-Emery-Griffiths, proving useful for discontinuous transitions.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • First-order phase transitions are critical phenomena.
  • Investigating discontinuous transitions requires robust simulation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the parallel tempering (PT) method for studying first-order phase transitions.
  • To assess PT's efficacy in characterizing discontinuous transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating multiple replicas of a system at different temperatures.
  • Interchanging configurations between randomly chosen replicas.
  • Applying the PT method to the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model.

Main Results:

  • Obtained precise estimates of coexistence lines.
  • Demonstrated the method's applicability to strong first-order transitions.
  • The Blume-Emery-Griffiths model exhibits discontinuous transitions at low temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Parallel tempering is a successful tool for characterizing discontinuous phase transitions.
  • The method provides accurate estimates of coexistence lines.
  • PT enhances the investigation of complex phase behaviors.