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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms
08:51

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms

Published on: November 1, 2019

Inferring coupling strength from event-related dynamics.

Szymon Leski1, Daniel K Wójcik

  • 1Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland. s.leski@nencki.gov.pl

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|November 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method to measure the coupling strength between systems using their transient dynamics. This approach is crucial for analyzing electrophysiological data like evoked potentials.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Transient dynamics in biological systems often carry critical information.
  • Electrophysiology commonly utilizes evoked potentials, which rely on transient signals.
  • Quantifying coupling strength between systems is essential for understanding complex interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a novel approach for inferring the strength of coupling between two systems based on their transient dynamics.
  • To demonstrate the applicability of the method in analyzing electrophysiological data and complex oscillatory systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nonlinear and linear measures of synchronization to analyze transient dynamics.
  • Applied the approach to a population model of the thalamocortical loop.
  • Tested the method on a system of two coupled Rössler-type oscillators in a nonchaotic regime.

Main Results:

  • Successfully inferred the strength of coupling between systems from their transient dynamics.
  • Demonstrated the viability of the proposed approach on both biological and artificial model systems.
  • Validated the method using established synchronization measures.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed approach provides a robust method for quantifying system coupling from transient dynamics.
  • This technique is particularly valuable for analyzing time-series data where information is encoded in transient events.
  • The findings have implications for electrophysiology and the study of coupled dynamical systems.