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[Methods for ensuring correct tracheal intubation. A review].

K H Andersen1

  • 1Bispebjerg Hospital, anaestesiologisk afdeling, København.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|January 21, 1991
PubMed
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Confirming correct endotracheal tube placement is crucial. Reliable methods include direct visualization, bronchoscopy, and end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring, unlike less dependable techniques like chest auscultation.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Devices
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Accurate confirmation of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement is vital for patient safety during mechanical ventilation.
  • Numerous methods exist for ETT confirmation, but their reliability varies significantly.
  • Unreliable confirmation can lead to severe complications, including esophageal intubation and delayed recognition of misplacement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and differentiate reliable from unreliable methods for confirming endotracheal tube placement.
  • To identify evidence-based recommendations for routine clinical practice.
  • To enhance patient outcomes by promoting accurate intubation verification.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of methods for endotracheal tube confirmation.

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  • Categorization of methods based on reported reliability and clinical recommendations.
  • Identification of gold-standard techniques and routine monitoring strategies.
  • Main Results:

    • Traditional methods like chest auscultation, thoracic movement, and pulse oximetry are deemed unreliable.
    • Recommended reliable methods include direct laryngoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) measurement.
    • Suctioning with a syringe and upper abdominal auscultation are also noted as reliable indicators.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct visualization and ETCO2 monitoring are the most reliable methods for confirming endotracheal tube placement.
    • Routine clinical practice should prioritize these reliable methods for daily control.
    • Implementing recommended techniques minimizes the risk of esophageal intubation and improves patient safety.