Hemodialysis catheter-associated central venous stenosis

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Murine Model of Central Venous Stenosis using Aortocaval Fistula with an Outflow Stenosis
06:17

Murine Model of Central Venous Stenosis using Aortocaval Fistula with an Outflow Stenosis

Published on: July 11, 2019

Alexander S Yevzlin1

  • 1Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53717, USA. asy@medicine.wisc.edu

Seminars in Dialysis
|November 13, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Central vein stenosis (CVS) from central vein catheter (CVC) placement has unclear causes but impacts fistula outcomes. Avoiding CVCs is the best strategy due to disappointing treatment results.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Nephrology
  • Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Central vein stenosis (CVS) is a potential complication of central vein catheter (CVC) use.
  • The exact pathophysiology of CVC-associated CVS is not fully understood, but anatomical factors are implicated.
  • CVS can negatively affect outcomes for patients with arteriovenous fistulas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment of central vein stenosis (CVS) linked to central vein catheter (CVC) placement.
  • To examine the impact of CVC-associated CVS on arteriovenous fistula outcomes.
  • To evaluate current and potential treatment options for CVS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment of central vein stenosis.
  • Analysis of the impact of CVC-associated CVS on arteriovenous fistula outcomes.
  • Review of percutaneous (angioplasty, stenting) and surgical interventions for CVS.

Main Results:

  • The precise mechanism of CVC-associated CVS remains undefined, with anatomy playing a key role.
  • CVC-associated CVS has demonstrated disappointing treatment outcomes.
  • Catheter avoidance is identified as the most effective strategy.

Conclusions:

  • Central vein stenosis is a significant complication associated with central vein catheters.
  • Current interventional treatments for CVC-associated CVS have limited success.
  • Preventing CVC placement is the primary strategy to mitigate CVS and its complications.

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