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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and narrowing...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Simultaneous Photothrombosis and Fiber Photometry to Induce and Monitor Ischemic Stroke in Behaving Mice
07:49

Simultaneous Photothrombosis and Fiber Photometry to Induce and Monitor Ischemic Stroke in Behaving Mice

Published on: November 14, 2025

Digital ischemia.

John R Kapoor1, Roger Kapoor, Themistocles L Assimes

  • 1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. jkapoor@stanford.edu

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)
|November 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Hypothenar hammer syndrome, a rare vascular disorder, can cause painful digital ischemia. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent permanent hand injury in susceptible individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Hand Surgery
  • Occupational Medicine

Background:

  • Hypothenar hammer syndrome (HHS) is an uncommon acquired vascular disorder affecting the hand.
  • It results from repetitive trauma to the hypothenar eminence, often seen in manual laborers.
  • Prompt diagnosis is essential for effective management and prevention of complications.

Observation:

  • A 43-year-old mechanic presented with severe pain, numbness, and coldness in his left middle and fourth fingers.
  • Clinical presentation suggested isolated digital ischemia.
  • Diagnostic imaging confirmed the presence of hypothenar hammer syndrome.

Findings:

  • The patient's history, physical examination, and imaging results were consistent with hypothenar hammer syndrome.

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Intravascular Perfusion of Carbon Black Ink Allows Reliable Visualization of Cerebral Vessels

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Simultaneous Photothrombosis and Fiber Photometry to Induce and Monitor Ischemic Stroke in Behaving Mice
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Published on: November 14, 2025

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Intravascular Perfusion of Carbon Black Ink Allows Reliable Visualization of Cerebral Vessels
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  • This diagnosis can be easily missed due to its rarity and the broad differential diagnosis for digital ischemia.
  • The characteristic vascular changes were identified through diagnostic imaging.

    • Implications:

    • Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for HHS in patients with suggestive symptoms, particularly those with occupational risk factors.
    • Timely recognition and intervention are critical to avoid irreversible vascular damage and functional loss in the affected digits.
    • Awareness of this rare condition improves diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes in cases of isolated digital ischemia.