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Published on: October 5, 2016

Botryticides affect grapevine leaf photosynthesis without inducing defense mechanisms.

Anne-Noëlle Petit1, Geneviève Wojnarowiez, Marie-Laure Panon

  • 1Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France.

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Fludioxonil (fdx) and fenhexamid (fhd) fungicides reduce grapevine photosynthesis by repressing photosynthesis-related genes without activating plant defense mechanisms. This study is the first to examine fungicide effects on photosynthesis-related gene expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Botryticides fludioxonil (fdx) and fenhexamid (fhd) are used to control grapevine gray mold.
  • Fungicide impact on plant physiology, particularly photosynthesis and defense, requires detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of fludioxonil (fdx) and fenhexamid (fhd) on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir) photosynthesis and defense mechanisms.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying fungicide-induced photosynthetic alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Field application of fdx and fhd at the end of flowering on Pinot noir grapevines.
  • Evaluation of phytotoxicity via leaf photosynthetic parameters and gene expression analysis.
  • Measurement of chitinase activity and defense-related gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Both fdx and fhd significantly decreased photosynthesis through non-stomatal factors.
  • Photosynthesis reduction was linked to the repression of key photosynthesis-related genes (psbP1, cab, rbcS).
  • No induction of plant defense responses (chitinase activity, defense genes) was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Fludioxonil and fenhexamid negatively impact grapevine photosynthesis by downregulating photosynthesis-related genes.
  • Fungicide application does not trigger plant defense mechanisms in treated grapevines.
  • This study provides novel insights into the molecular effects of botryticides on plant physiology.