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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Megacalycosis: a rare condition.

Rafael Pieretti-Vanmarcke¹, Alberto Pieretti, Rafael V Pieretti

¹Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)

|November 13, 2008

Summary

Megacalycosis, a rare kidney condition, presents with enlarged calyces. Early diagnosis in children is crucial, often requiring advanced imaging to differentiate from other congenital kidney abnormalities.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Area of Science:

Pediatric Nephrology
Medical Imaging
Urology

Background:

Megacalycosis is an exceptionally rare congenital kidney anomaly.
This condition is often misdiagnosed as congenital hydronephrosis.
Understanding its unique characteristics is vital for accurate diagnosis and management.

Observation:

Two pediatric cases of megacalycosis are presented.
Patients initially diagnosed with congenital hydronephrosis showed characteristic calyceal enlargement disproportionate to mild renal pelvis dilatation.
Key diagnostic features include an increased number of calyces with significant calyceal dilatation.

Findings:

Megacalycosis requires differentiation from congenital hydronephrosis, polycalycosis, and infundibular stenosis.
Diagnostic modalities include ultrasound, diuretic renography, intravenous pyelography, and magnetic resonance urography.
Voiding cystourethrography is essential to exclude associated vesicoureteral reflux.

Implications:

A high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosing pediatric megacalycosis.
Accurate diagnosis impacts appropriate management strategies.
This study highlights the importance of considering megacalycosis in the differential diagnosis of pediatric hydronephrosis.