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Related Concept Videos

Cell Culture01:21

Cell Culture

Most vertebrate cells grow in vitro attached to a substrate as a monolayer, called adherent cultures. The flasks and plates used to grow cells are chemically treated to facilitate cell attachment. However, a few cell types, such as hematopoietic cells, can grow in a suspension. In contrast to adherent cultures, suspension cultures can grow in non-treated cultureware using magnetic stirrers or spinner flasks to agitate the culture media
Cell Lines01:16

Cell Lines

A cell line is a population of cells grown in vitro that can be subcultured over several generations. Normal cells cease to divide after a certain number of cell divisions, a process known as replicative senescence. This number, called the Hayflick limit, was conceptualized by Leonard Hayflick in 1961 when he observed that fetal cells grown in culture could only divide 40-60 times. This limit is due to the shortening of the telomeres during each round of cell division, preventing cell division...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

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Engineering Cell-permeable Protein
21:08

Engineering Cell-permeable Protein

Published on: December 28, 2009

Toward genomic cell culture engineering.

Katie F Wlaschin1, Gargi Seth, Wei-Shou Hu

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0132, USA.

Cytotechnology
|November 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic tools like expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing and microarrays offer new insights into cell culture bioprocessing, especially for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Understanding gene expression patterns aids in optimizing cell culture and diagnosing processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Proteomics
  • Cell Culture Bioprocessing
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Global gene expression profiling using genomics and proteomics has advanced biological research.
  • The application of these techniques in cell culture bioprocessing is emerging, hindered by limited genomic data for key industrial cell lines like Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.
  • Research for species with poor genomic resources often relies on related species or expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of EST sequencing in industrially important, genomic resource-poor cell lines.
  • To articulate unique features of microarray application in cultured cell studies.
  • To highlight infrastructural requirements for establishing a genomics-based cell culture research platform.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing for genomic resource-poor cell lines.
  • Employing microarray analysis to study gene expression in cultured cells.
  • Broadening microarray analysis to include estimated transcript abundance levels.

Main Results:

  • Most culture condition changes typically induce moderate alterations in gene expression.
  • Incorporating transcript abundance estimation into microarray analysis provides significant physiological insights.
  • Pattern identification and process diagnosis are key utilities demonstrated through microarray applications.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic tools, particularly microarrays and EST sequencing, hold immense potential for cell culture processing research.
  • The expansion of genomic resources will further enhance the power of these tools.
  • Developing physiological understanding from genomic data is crucial for maximizing benefits in cell culture.