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Related Concept Videos

Cell Lines01:16

Cell Lines

A cell line is a population of cells grown in vitro that can be subcultured over several generations. Normal cells cease to divide after a certain number of cell divisions, a process known as replicative senescence. This number, called the Hayflick limit, was conceptualized by Leonard Hayflick in 1961 when he observed that fetal cells grown in culture could only divide 40-60 times. This limit is due to the shortening of the telomeres during each round of cell division, preventing cell division...
Cell Culture01:21

Cell Culture

Most vertebrate cells grow in vitro attached to a substrate as a monolayer, called adherent cultures. The flasks and plates used to grow cells are chemically treated to facilitate cell attachment. However, a few cell types, such as hematopoietic cells, can grow in a suspension. In contrast to adherent cultures, suspension cultures can grow in non-treated cultureware using magnetic stirrers or spinner flasks to agitate the culture media
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Scale-Up Processes01:14

Scale-Up Processes

The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...
Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications
16:30

BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications

Published on: October 1, 2007

Historical reflections on cell culture engineering.

A S Lubiniecki1

  • 1SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Biopharmaceutical Development, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA, 19406-0939, U.S.A.

Cytotechnology
|November 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell culture engineering advancements have led to numerous therapeutic products. Process improvements have increased robustness, with future evolution driven by market and regulatory demands.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and bioprocessing
  • Chemical and biomolecular engineering

Background:

  • Cell culture engineering has facilitated the commercialization of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology products and monoclonal antibodies.
  • Significant technological advancements have occurred over the past 15 years, impacting biopharmaceutical manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cell culture technologies from 15 years ago with current state-of-the-art methods.
  • To highlight improvements in unit operations and process robustness.
  • To discuss future directions and remaining challenges in cell culture engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of historical and current cell culture technologies.
  • Review of advancements in bioprocess unit operations.
  • Discussion of commercial and regulatory influences on technology evolution.

Main Results:

  • Numerous human therapeutic products derived from rDNA technology and monoclonal antibodies are now commercially available.
  • Unit operations have seen substantial improvements, enhancing process robustness over the last 15 years.
  • Current technologies offer greater efficiency and reliability compared to those available previously.

Conclusions:

  • Cell culture engineering has matured significantly, enabling the production of vital biotherapeutics.
  • Continued evolution of cell culture technology is anticipated, driven by industry needs.
  • Future challenges for cell culture engineers include further process optimization and addressing emerging production demands.