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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...

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Catastrophic shoulder dystocia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Newborn brachial plexus palsy.

H F Sandmire1, R K DeMott

  • 1Obstetric and Gynecologic Associates of Green Bay Ltd, Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301, USA. cryslcond@aol.com

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|November 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newborn brachial plexus injuries remain a concern, with this study investigating their causes and persistent high frequency. Further research is needed to understand why these birth injuries are not declining.

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Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
06:51

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets

Published on: December 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
09:42

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Published on: March 27, 2026

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
06:51

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets

Published on: December 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neonatal Care

Background:

  • Newborn brachial plexus injuries, also known as birth palsy, are a significant concern in obstetrics.
  • The incidence of these injuries has not shown a consistent decrease over recent decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the underlying causes of newborn brachial plexus injuries.
  • To investigate the reasons for the lack of a decline in their frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on brachial plexus injuries.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data related to birth trauma.
  • Case study analysis of affected newborns.

Main Results:

  • Identified key risk factors including shoulder dystocia and difficult vaginal delivery.
  • Highlighted the role of specific obstetric maneuvers in injury causation.
  • Observed a plateau in injury rates despite advancements in obstetric care.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the multifactorial causation is crucial for prevention.
  • Addressing persistent high frequencies requires re-evaluation of current obstetric practices and training.
  • Further research into preventative strategies and improved delivery techniques is warranted.