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Related Concept Videos

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Peptide antisense nanoparticles.

Pinal C Patel1, David A Giljohann, Dwight S Seferos

  • 1Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a novel gold nanoparticle (Au NP) conjugate carrying both antisense oligonucleotides and synthetic peptides. This new nanomaterial demonstrates enhanced gene regulation activity and perinuclear localization in cellular models.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioconjugation Chemistry

Background:

  • Development of targeted drug delivery systems is crucial for therapeutic applications.
  • Functionalization of nanoparticles with multiple biomolecules presents challenges in controlling surface loading and stability.
  • Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) offer a versatile platform for biomedical applications due to their unique optical and physical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a heterofunctionalized nanoparticle conjugate for enhanced gene regulation.
  • To investigate the cellular localization and biological activity of the designed conjugate.
  • To establish a new strategy for preparing densely functionalized nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a 13-nm gold nanoparticle (Au NP) conjugate by mixing thiolated oligonucleotides and cysteine-terminated peptides with Au NPs in the presence of salt.
  • Control of surface loading of biomolecules by adjusting solution stoichiometry.
  • Evaluation of conjugate perinuclear localization and gene regulation activity in a cellular model.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a heterofunctionalized Au NP conjugate with controlled surface loading of antisense oligonucleotides and synthetic peptides.
  • Demonstrated perinuclear localization of the conjugate within cells.
  • Observed enhanced gene regulation activity compared to controls in a cellular assay.

Conclusions:

  • The developed heterofunctionalized nanoparticle conjugate represents a novel and easily prepared nanomaterial.
  • This strategy allows for precise control over biomolecular surface density on nanoparticles.
  • The conjugate exhibits promising potential for therapeutic applications, particularly in gene regulation.