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Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...

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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor blockade increases bone mass.

Yayoi Izu¹, Fumitaka Mizoguchi, Aya Kawamata

¹Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry

|November 14, 2008

Summary

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is present in adult bone. Blocking the angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor increases bone mass by boosting bone-forming cells and reducing bone-resorbing cells.

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Subcutaneous Angiotensin II Infusion using Osmotic Pumps Induces Aortic Aneurysms in Mice

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

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Published on: June 7, 2016

Subcutaneous Angiotensin II Infusion using Osmotic Pumps Induces Aortic Aneurysms in Mice

Subcutaneous Angiotensin II Infusion using Osmotic Pumps Induces Aortic Aneurysms in Mice

Published on: September 28, 2015

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Bone Biology
Physiology

Background:

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of blood pressure and fluid balance.
Emerging evidence suggests local roles for RAS components, including in bone cell regulation.
The in vivo presence and function of RAS in adult bone remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence of RAS components in adult bone tissue in vivo.
To determine the effect of angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor blockade on bone mass.

Main Methods:

Immunohistochemistry was used to detect AT2 receptor, renin, and angiotensin II-converting enzyme in adult bone cells.
Administration of an AT2 receptor blocker was employed to assess its impact on bone mass.

Main Results:

AT2 receptor protein was found in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Renin and angiotensin II-converting enzyme were expressed in bone cells in vivo.
Treatment with an AT2 receptor blocker significantly increased bone mass by enhancing osteoblastic activity and suppressing osteoclastic activity.

Conclusions:

RAS components are present and active in adult bone tissue.
Blockade of the AT2 receptor represents a potential therapeutic strategy for modulating bone mass.