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Related Concept Videos

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.

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Targeting Neuronal Fiber Tracts for Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy Using Interactive, Patient-Specific Models
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Targeting Neuronal Fiber Tracts for Deep Brain Stimulation Therapy Using Interactive, Patient-Specific Models

Published on: August 12, 2018

Subthalamic nucleus stimulation modulates thalamic neuronal activity.

Weidong Xu1, Gary S Russo, Takao Hashimoto

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|November 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves Parkinson's symptoms by altering neuronal activity. STN DBS regularizes neural patterns in motor thalamus, impacting basal ganglia and cerebellar pathways.

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Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus
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Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus

Published on: March 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a recognized treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying STN DBS's therapeutic effects remain incompletely understood.
  • Prior research indicated STN stimulation regularizes neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internal segment (GPi).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of STN DBS on neuronal activity within the motor thalamus, specifically in areas receiving pallidal and cerebellar input.
  • To elucidate how STN DBS modulates neuronal patterns and oscillations in the ventralis lateralis pars oralis (VLo), ventralis anterior (VA), and ventralis lateralis posterior pars oralis (VPLo) nuclei.
  • To correlate observed changes in thalamic neuronal activity with clinical improvements in Parkinson's disease symptoms like rigidity and bradykinesia.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings were performed in the motor thalamus (VA/VLo and VPLo) during STN DBS in Parkinson's disease patients.
  • Neuronal activity patterns, including periodicity, regularity, and oscillatory power, were analyzed.
  • Changes in burst activity and neuronal firing patterns (inhibition/activation) were assessed in relation to stimulation parameters known to improve motor symptoms.

Main Results:

  • STN DBS induced more periodic and regular neuronal firing patterns in both VA/VLo and VPLo regions of the motor thalamus.
  • A shift towards higher frequencies in oscillatory activity was observed in these thalamic areas.
  • Burst activity decreased in VA/VLo, while VPLo neurons showed a tendency towards activation, contrasting with inhibition in VA/VLo.

Conclusions:

  • STN DBS alters neuronal activity patterns within the basal ganglia-thalamic network, promoting regularity and periodicity.
  • These modulatory effects extend to cerebellar pathways, likely through adjacent fiber activation, contributing to therapeutic benefits.
  • The findings support the hypothesis that STN DBS enhances basal ganglia output and network synchrony, leading to motor symptom improvement.