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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose01:24

Rational Dosage Regimen: Maintenance Dose and Loading Dose

A rational dosage regimen considers a drug's pharmacokinetics, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. By understanding these factors, the appropriate dosage can be determined, and the dosing schedule can be designed to achieve and maintain the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse effects.
In most cases, drugs are administered repetitively or infused continuously to maintain a steady-state concentration in the body. At a steady state,...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes
03:19

Modifying Levels of Maternal Dietary Folic Acid or Choline to Study the Impact of Deficiencies on Offspring Health Outcomes

Published on: June 28, 2024

Folic acid: the right dose.

Gideon Koren, Y Ingrid Goh, Chagit Klieger

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |November 14, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The Motherisk Guidelines now recommend 5 mg of folic acid daily for women of reproductive age. This increased dose ensures adequate folate levels for neural tube defect prevention, even with inconsistent use.

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    Published on: May 10, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Public Health
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Many women of reproductive age do not achieve sufficient folate levels to prevent neural tube defects.
    • Current prenatal vitamin compliance is suboptimal, leaving many women unprotected.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explain the rationale behind the increased folic acid dosage in the new Motherisk Guidelines.
    • To clarify the recommended duration for taking the higher folic acid dose.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of recent data on folate levels in women of reproductive age in Ontario.
    • Evaluation of compliance rates with prenatal vitamin usage.

    Main Results:

    • 40% of women of reproductive age in Ontario have inadequate folate levels.
    • Higher folic acid intake improves folate levels, even with partial compliance.

    Conclusions:

    • The increased 5 mg daily dose of folic acid is recommended to ensure adequate folate levels for neural tube defect prevention.
    • This dose should be taken several months before conception through the first trimester of pregnancy.