Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2026
Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
Published on: January 10, 2013
Comparison of patients undergoing enhanced external counterpulsation and spinal cord stimulation for refractory
Susanne Bondesson1, Thomas Pettersson, André Erdling
1Department of Medicine, Regional Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden. Susanne.Bondesson@med.lu.se
Introduction:
As more patients survive coronary events, the prevalence of patients with refractory angina pectoris is increasing. The aim was to evaluate the effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and compare with optimal medically treated patients with refractory angina.
Methods:
153 patients with refractory angina were treated with either EECP, SCS, or were retained on their pharmacological treatment (control). Glyceryl trinitrate usage and Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification were registered at baseline, 6 and 12 months after therapy.
Results:
Both EECP and SCS reduced the angina as compared with controls (P<0.001). Patients treated with EECP showed a more effective reduction as compared with SCS patients (P<0.05). Both treatments resulted in significantly decreased glyceryl trinitrate usage at 6 and 12 months follow-up (P<0.001). The nitrate consumed was unaltered in the controls.
Discussion:
The results from this study show that both EECP and SCS therapy reduce angina in patients with refractory angina pectoris; the response to EECP was slightly more effective than that to SCS. Thus, EECP can be used as an alternative treatment for patients not responding to electrical stimulation. The beneficial effects in the treated groups were maintained during the 12 months follow-up period.
