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Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

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Update on postinjury nutrition.

Samuel R Todd¹, Ernest A Gonzalez, Krista Turner

¹Department of Surgery, The Methodist Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, USA.

Current Opinion in Critical Care

|November 14, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Early enteral nutrition with immune-enhancing formulas benefits trauma patients. Pharmaconutrients and hypocaloric feeding are emerging strategies to modulate inflammation and improve outcomes in critically ill and injured individuals.

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Area of Science:

Critical care medicine
Nutritional science
Trauma surgery

Background:

Nutritional supplementation is vital for severely injured patients.
Early enteral nutrition is established, with enhanced benefits from specific nutrients.
Pharmaconutrition, separating immunomodulatory nutrients from nutritional support, is a new paradigm.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the use of pharmaconutrients in critically ill and injured patients.
To evaluate the evidence for hypocaloric feeding in the early postinjury phase.
To clarify the optimal utilization and benefits of pharmaconutrients.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on nutritional interventions in trauma.
Analysis of studies utilizing specific nutrients and pharmaconutrients.
Examination of evidence supporting early enteral nutrition and hypocaloric feeding.

Main Results:

Studies using specific nutrients show the greatest reduction in morbidity and mortality.
Pharmaconutrients appear beneficial in modulating inflammatory and immune responses in critical illness.
Trauma patients may benefit from hypocaloric feeding during the acute injury phase.

Conclusions:

Current research focuses on pharmaconutrients for inflammation modulation and hypocaloric feeds.
Evidence supports the use of these practices in critically ill and injured patients.
Further investigation is needed to define optimal pharmaconutrient strategies.