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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
08:01

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

Published on: February 28, 2017

Periostin-like-factor in osteogenesis.

Shimei Zhu1, Mary F Barbe, Cheng Liu

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|November 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periostin-like-factor (PLF) promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, enhancing bone formation in vivo. This study reveals PLF

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Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
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Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
08:01

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Published on: February 28, 2017

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Periostin-like-factor (PLF), an isoform of Periostin, is expressed in bone and vascular cells.
  • PLF is detected in mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts, suggesting a role in osteogenesis.
  • PLF is secreted from osteoblasts, indicating its potential signaling function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PLF in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro.
  • To determine the effect of PLF on bone formation in vivo.
  • To examine PLF expression during fracture healing.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies using CyQUANT assay for proliferation and alkaline phosphatase staining/activity, von Kossa staining for mineralization.
  • In vivo studies involving adenovirus-mediated PLF overexpression in rat femur bone marrow.
  • Analysis of PLF expression in a fracture healing model.

Main Results:

  • Overexpression of PLF significantly increased osteoblast proliferation in vitro.
  • PLF promoted osteoblast differentiation, evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition.
  • In vivo, PLF overexpression led to enhanced bone formation in the femur marrow cavity.
  • PLF expression was upregulated in callus osteoblasts during fracture healing.

Conclusions:

  • PLF stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro.
  • PLF enhances bone formation in vivo.
  • PLF plays a significant role in osteogenesis and fracture healing.