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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Co- and Multi-Pathologies in Parkinson's Disease: An International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Scientific Issues Committee Review.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Generation of Induced Neural Stem Cells from Peripheral Mononuclear Cells and Differentiation Toward Dopaminergic Neuron Precursors for Transplantation Studies
12:13

Generation of Induced Neural Stem Cells from Peripheral Mononuclear Cells and Differentiation Toward Dopaminergic Neuron Precursors for Transplantation Studies

Published on: July 11, 2019

Transplanted dopaminergic neurons develop PD pathologic changes: a second case report.

Jeffrey H Kordower1, Yaping Chu, Robert A Hauser

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. jkordowe@rush.edu

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
|November 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology can develop in grafted neurons long after transplantation. Even healthy-appearing cells showed Lewy bodies and reduced dopamine markers 14 years post-transplant, indicating PD-like changes in surviving grafts.

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Generation of Induced Neural Stem Cells from Peripheral Mononuclear Cells and Differentiation Toward Dopaminergic Neuron Precursors for Transplantation Studies
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Published on: July 11, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuropathology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Investigating the long-term survival and pathology of grafted neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is crucial for understanding disease progression and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Previous studies have focused on shorter-term outcomes, leaving long-term neuronal health and potential disease recurrence in grafts under-examined.

Observation:

  • Examination of grafted neurons in a Parkinson's disease patient 14 years post-transplantation revealed both healthy and pathologically altered cells.
  • Specific pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease, including Lewy bodies (identified by alpha-synuclein, ubiquitin, and thioflavin-S staining), were observed in some grafted neurons.

Findings:

  • A significant proportion of surviving grafted neurons exhibited PD-like pathology, including the presence of Lewy bodies.
  • Loss of dopamine transporter-immunoreactivity and tyrosine hydroxylase was noted in a subset of the grafted neurons, indicating functional and structural deterioration.
  • These findings suggest that grafted neurons, even when surviving long-term, are susceptible to developing Parkinson's disease pathology.

Implications:

  • This study challenges the notion of complete disease immunity in grafted neurons and suggests that transplanted cells can recapitulate PD pathology over time.
  • Understanding the long-term fate of grafted neurons is essential for refining cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms driving PD-like pathology in grafted neurons and to develop strategies to prevent or mitigate it.