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Related Concept Videos

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology01:21

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection01:29

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection

Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
Head and Neck
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...

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Reproducible Arterial Denudation Injury by Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Clamping in a Murine Model
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Damage assessment in systemic vasculitis.

Luis H Silveira1

  • 1Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Departamento de Reumatología, Juan Badiano No. 1, colonia Sección XVI, Mexico City, Mexico. luis_hsil@yahoo.com

Current Rheumatology Reports
|November 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Systemic vasculitis causes long-term damage despite improved survival. Current damage assessment tools need improvement to better manage these severe autoimmune diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic vasculitides are severe, life-threatening autoimmune diseases.
  • While treatments improved survival, high morbidity persists due to disease activity or therapy.
  • Damage, defined as irreversible scarring, is a major consequence of vasculitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of damage assessment in systemic vasculitis.
  • To address the limitations of existing damage assessment tools.
  • To advocate for the development of a more comprehensive damage assessment index.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the current understanding of damage in systemic vasculitis.
  • Discussion of the established Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI).

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  • Exploration of the need for an improved, combined damage assessment approach.

    • Main Results:

    • The Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) has been instrumental but has limitations.
    • There is a recognized need within the medical community for enhanced damage evaluation.
    • A Combined Damage Assessment index is proposed for more standardized evaluation.

    Conclusions:

    • Damage assessment is crucial for patient stratification and optimizing treatment in systemic vasculitis.
    • Existing tools like the VDI require updates or replacements.
    • A new, combined index could standardize and improve the assessment of vasculitis-related damage.