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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification
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Churg-Strauss syndrome: 2005-2008 update.

Rafael G Grau1

  • 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 1110 W. Michigan Street, LO-545, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. rgrau@iupui.edu

Current Rheumatology Reports
|November 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare vasculitis linked to asthma and eosinophilia. While its incidence is uncertain, treatment involves glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide, with new alternatives emerging.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis.
  • It is characterized by eosinophil-rich granulomatous inflammation, asthma, and eosinophilia.
  • The exact incidence and trends of CSS remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome.
  • To discuss the roles of eosinophils and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) in CSS.
  • To explore current and emerging therapeutic strategies for CSS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiologic and clinical studies on Churg-Strauss syndrome.
  • Analysis of patient subgroups based on ANCA status.

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  • Evaluation of the impact of leukotriene receptor antagonists and current treatment modalities.

    • Main Results:

    • CSS is the rarest necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis, with uncertain incidence.
    • ANCA-positive CSS patients show increased renal, pulmonary, and neurological involvement.
    • ANCA-negative CSS patients have a higher frequency of cardiac disease.
    • Leukotriene receptor antagonists may unmask CSS during glucocorticoid tapering.
    • Glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide are standard treatments, with novel alternatives under investigation.

    Conclusions:

    • Churg-Strauss syndrome presents unique challenges due to its rarity and complex pathophysiology.
    • Distinguishing ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative CSS is crucial for predicting organ involvement.
    • While established treatments remain effective, research into safer and more targeted therapies is ongoing.