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Goiter

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

[Basilingual ectopic-thyroid goiter].

L Aderdour¹, M M El Fakiri, A Tijani

¹Service ORL, CHU Mohammed-6, Guiliz, 40000 Marrakech, Maroc. aderdourlahcen@gmail.com

Revue De Stomatologie Et De Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale

|November 15, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights a rare instance of a basilingual ectopic thyroid goiter, emphasizing surgical intervention as the primary treatment. Early diagnosis through imaging is crucial for managing this condition.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

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Published on: November 10, 2014

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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

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Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Surgical Pathology
Embryology

Background:

Ectopic thyroid is a rare condition where thyroid tissue is found outside its usual anatomical location.
This study focuses on a specific case of a basilingual ectopic thyroid goiter, detailing its clinical presentation and management.
The embryological pathway of thyroid descent is implicated in the etiology of ectopic thyroid tissue.

Observation:

A 45-year-old female presented with a symptomatic neck mass at the tongue base, causing dysphagia.
Imaging studies, including CT scan and cervical ultrasonography, were performed.
Biopsy confirmed the presence of thyroid tissue, with ultrasonography ruling out normal thyroid gland location.

Findings:

Histopathological examination confirmed a non-malignant ectopic goiter.
Scintigraphy is identified as the optimal diagnostic tool for detecting ectopic thyroid tissue and confirming agenesis of the orthotopic gland.
Surgical excision via a suprahyoid approach was successfully performed.

Implications:

Surgical management is the standard treatment for symptomatic basilingual ectopic thyroid goiter.
Treatment decisions, including surgical approach and potential tracheotomy, are based on tumor size, extent, and operative risks.
Further research into the etiology of ectopic thyroid is warranted.