Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus: Comparing...
Constraints and Statical Determinacy01:26

Constraints and Statical Determinacy

In structural engineering, the equilibrium of a system is not only determined by its equations of equilibrium but also with the help of constraints. Constraints refer to restrictions on the motion of a system. The proper combinations of constraints can minimize the total number of constraints needed to maintain a system in mechanical equilibrium. When this happens, the system is said to be statically determinate. For such systems, the unknown reaction supports can be estimated using equilibrium...
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
Law of Effect01:06

Law of Effect

B.F. Skinner, a prominent figure in behavioral psychology, introduced operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of consequences in shaping behavior. This theory builds upon the law of effect proposed by Edward Thorndike, which posits that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to be repeated. In contrast, those followed by unsatisfying outcomes are less likely to recur.
Edward Thorndike's foundational work involved studying learning in animals, particularly using puzzle boxes...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Across the levels of analysis: Explaining predictive processing in humans requires more than machine-estimated probabilities.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same author

The effects of cluster-set resistance training on mental health and sleep quality in sedentary young women: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

YY1 Lactylation Elicits CARD9 Deficiency in Dendritic Cells Promoting Pancreatic Cancer Immune Escape.

International journal of biological sciences·2026
Same author

Kinetics of spontaneous residual shunt closure: a comparative analysis between two surgical procedures for perimembranous ventricular septal defect.

Journal of thoracic disease·2026
Same author

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of indole-pyridine chalcone derivatives as novel HK2 inhibitors to modulate macrophage glycolysis and inflammation for IBD treatment.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Principle B is an early, predictive filter on active cataphor resolution: Eye-tracking evidence.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Evaluative processing of emotional and moral content during discourse comprehension: Insights from event-related brain potentials.

Brain and language·2026
Same journal

Reading-selective areas in the cerebellum in adult readers.

Brain and language·2026
Same journal

Effects of semantic distance and metaphorical constituent position on L2 noun-noun metaphor processing: an ERP study.

Brain and language·2026
Same journal

Cortical tracking of natural speech by children with developmental language disorder (DLD): An EEG speech decoding investigation.

Brain and language·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory states modulate the processing of negated concepts in existential sentences. Evidence from ERPs.

Brain and language·2026
Same journal

The interplay between attentional control and language task schemas: Progressive adaptation of attentional control in interpreting.

Brain and language·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior
12:38

State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior

Published on: December 28, 2010

Illusory licensing effects across dependency types: ERP evidence.

Ming Xiang1, Brian Dillon, Colin Phillips

  • 1Department of Linguistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. mxiang@fas.harvard.edu

Brain and Language
|November 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Grammatical illusions, like intrusive licensing of negative polarity items (NPIs), may stem from specific semantic processes rather than general memory retrieval. An ERP study found distinct brain responses for NPIs versus reflexive anaphors, supporting this theory.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior
12:38

State-Dependency Effects on TMS: A Look at Motive Phosphene Behavior

Published on: December 28, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistic Theory

Background:

  • Grammatical illusions, particularly intrusive licensing of negative polarity items (NPIs), occur when semantic context suggests licensing despite syntactic violations.
  • Existing theories attribute these illusions to general memory retrieval processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether intrusive NPI licensing relies on general memory retrieval or specific semantic/pragmatic processes.
  • To differentiate the cognitive mechanisms underlying NPI licensing from those involved in reflexive anaphor binding.

Main Methods:

  • An electroencephalography (EEG) study using event-related potentials (ERPs) was conducted.
  • A direct comparison was made between intrusive licensing of NPIs and the binding of reflexive anaphors.
  • Stimuli were designed to be structurally matched, varying in the presence and syntactic position of potential licensors.

Main Results:

  • Both NPIs and reflexives elicited a P600 ERP component when a licensor was absent.
  • An ERP signature analogous to the intrusive licensing effect was observed for NPIs.
  • No comparable intrusion effect was found for reflexive anaphor binding.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that intrusive NPI licensing is driven by mechanisms specific to NPI licensing, not general memory retrieval.
  • The distinct ERP patterns for NPIs and reflexives indicate different underlying cognitive processes for these linguistic phenomena.