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Response to paper "Systems thinking" by D. Cabrera et al.: Is it systems thinking or just good practice in evaluation?

Evaluation and program planning·2008
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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Qualitative cost-benefit evaluation of complex, emergent programs.

Patricia J Rogers1, Kaye Stevens, Jonathan Boymal

  • 1CIRCLE (Collaboration for Interdisciplinary Research, Consulting and Learning in Evaluation), Building 15, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, 124 Latrobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia. Patricia.Rogers@rmit.edu.au

Evaluation and Program Planning
|November 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a qualitative methodology for cost-benefit evaluation of complex, emergent programs. This approach addresses challenges posed by variable implementation and non-standardized outcomes in program evaluation.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Program Evaluation
  • Health Economics
  • Public Policy Analysis

Background:

  • Complex, emergent programs exhibit significant variation in implementation across time and sites.
  • These programs present unique challenges for traditional cost-benefit evaluation methods due to their dynamic and adaptive nature.
  • Characteristics include ill-defined intervention boundaries, non-standardized procedures, and diverse short-term outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and discuss a qualitative methodology for cost-benefit evaluation tailored to complex, emergent programs.
  • To highlight the limitations of conventional evaluation methods when applied to such programs.
  • To explore the implications of this methodology for future program cost-benefit analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative cost-benefit evaluation methodology.
  • Adaptation of evaluation techniques to accommodate program variability and co-production of outcomes.
  • Focus on understanding the nuances of resource allocation and outcome attribution in complex settings.

Main Results:

  • The proposed qualitative methodology offers a viable approach to cost-benefit evaluation for complex programs.
  • Conventional methods are often inadequate due to issues with standardized measures and counter-factual attribution.
  • The methodology acknowledges the multi-factorial nature of outcomes and the impact of local adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • A qualitative approach is essential for accurate cost-benefit evaluation of complex, emergent programs.
  • This methodology provides a framework for understanding value in programs characterized by variability and adaptation.
  • Further research should explore the application and refinement of this qualitative evaluation approach.