Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...

Sampling Plans

Sampling Plans

Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...

Sampling Methods: Overview

Sampling Methods: Overview

A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
In analytical chemistry, the choice of sampling...

Stratified Sampling Method

Stratified Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Inferring fusion nuclear burnwidths with low gain photomultiplier impulse response functions.

The Review of scientific instruments·2024

Same author

Lithium niobate waveguide squeezer with integrated cavity length stabilisation for network applications.

Optics express·2023

Same author

Publisher Correction: Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion.

Nature·2022

Same author

Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion.

Nature·2022

Same author

Waveguide resonator with an integrated phase modulator for second harmonic generation.

Optics express·2021

Same author

Plectin-related scapuloperoneal myopathy with treatment-responsive myasthenic syndrome.

Neuropathology and applied neurobiology·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

Published on: March 24, 2023

Main particulate matter components in Saxony (Germany): Trends and sampling aspects.

G Spindler¹, K Müller, H Herrmann

¹Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V., Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany. spindler@tropos.de

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International

|November 15, 2008

Summary

Air quality monitoring in Leipzig shows decreasing soot and sulfate but increasing nitrate and ammonium. Gravimetric mass concentration has significantly declined since 1990.

More Related Videos

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System

Published on: May 22, 2020

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

Published on: November 18, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

Published on: March 24, 2023

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System

Published on: May 22, 2020

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

Published on: November 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Atmospheric chemistry and physics
Environmental science
Air quality monitoring

Background:

Industrialized regions like Leipzig, Germany, experience complex atmospheric aerosol dynamics.
Long-term monitoring is crucial for understanding air quality trends and impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare two aerosol sampling systems (Sierra-Andersen-PM 10 and Rupprecht and Patashnik Partisol 2000) for collecting filter samples.
To analyze trends in aerosol composition and mass concentration from 1992 to 1998.
To assess seasonal variations in aerosol particle mass.

Main Methods:

Collected daily and weekly aerosol filter samples using high volume samplers with PM10 and PM2.5 inlets.
Analyzed mass concentration and ionic composition of collected samples.
Compared data from different sampling durations and flow rates.

Main Results:

Small differences observed between daily and weekly sampling systems for mass and ion concentrations.
Observed a decrease in soot and sulfate, and an increase in nitrate and ammonium concentrations.
Higher coarse particle mass observed in summer, potentially due to soil resuspension.
A significant downward trend in gravimetric mass concentration was found since 1990.

Conclusions:

Aerosol sampling strategies yield comparable results with minor variations.
Significant shifts in aerosol composition indicate changing pollution sources or atmospheric processes.
Long-term data confirm a decreasing trend in overall aerosol mass concentration in the region.