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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
Published on: February 14, 2020
Biolistics transformation of wheat.
Caroline A Sparks1, Huw D Jones
1Centre for Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.
This guide details producing transgenic wheat plants through particle bombardment of immature embryos and somatic embryogenesis. This common method facilitates genetic modification in wheat, though newer techniques may emerge.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biotechnology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Wheat transformation is crucial for crop improvement.
- Particle bombardment is a widely used method for wheat genetic engineering.
- Alternative transformation methods are under development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive protocol for producing transgenic wheat.
- To detail the particle bombardment and regeneration process.
- To contextualize this method within the broader field of plant transformation.
Main Methods:
- Particle bombardment for delivering plasmid DNA into immature wheat embryos.
- Regeneration of transgenic wheat plants via somatic embryogenesis.
- Step-by-step procedural guide.
Main Results:
- Successful production of transformed wheat plants.
- Established a reliable protocol for wheat genetic transformation.
- Demonstrated the efficacy of particle bombardment and somatic embryogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Particle bombardment remains a primary method for wheat transformation.
- The presented protocol is a valuable resource for researchers.
- Future advancements may offer alternative or complementary transformation strategies.
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