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Related Concept Videos

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression
08:54

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

Published on: March 29, 2019

Promoter sequences for defining transgene expression.

Huw D Jones1, Caroline A Sparks

  • 1Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Centre for Crop Genetic Improvement, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Designing transgenic experiments requires understanding gene expression patterns. This study compares promoters in cereals to guide precise transgene expression for reverse genetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Reverse genetic experiments using transgenic approaches necessitate controlled transgene expression.
  • Limited data exists on gene expression profiles for specific promoters in various genotypes.
  • Promoter-transgene constructs can exhibit genotype- and species-specific expression patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare different types of promoters (constitutive, targeted, inducible) for their characterized expression patterns.
  • To provide information for selecting appropriate promoters in cereal species for transgenic applications.
  • To aid in the design of reverse genetic experiments with predictable transgene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Review and comparison of characterized promoters in specific cereal species.
  • Analysis of expression patterns for constitutive, targeted, and inducible promoter types.
  • Literature synthesis on promoter performance across different genotypes.

Main Results:

  • Identified variations in promoter activity and expression patterns across different cereal genotypes.
  • Highlighted the importance of genotype-specific promoter characterization for predictable transgene expression.
  • Detailed the utility of constitutive, targeted, and inducible promoters in specific cereal contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Selecting the correct promoter is crucial for successful transgenic design and predictable gene expression in cereals.
  • Genotype-specific promoter information is essential for efficient reverse genetics.
  • This comparison aids researchers in optimizing transgene expression strategies for cereal crop improvement.