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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Cardiac arrhythmias in obstructive sleep apnea.

P Schweitzer1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. pschweit@chapnet.org

Vnitrni Lekarstvi
|November 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to cardiac arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can prevent AF recurrence and reduce sudden death risk in OSA patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is increasingly recognized for its association with various cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Early research focused on nocturnal brady- and tachyarrhythmias, while recent studies highlight a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in OSA patients.
  • Obesity and other risk factors for AF are also common in individuals with OSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiac arrhythmias.
  • To discuss the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on AF recurrence and sudden death in OSA.
  • To explore the controversial role of pacing in OSA patients with nocturnal bradyarrhythmias.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating OSA and cardiac arrhythmias.

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Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: October 18, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
04:53

Acupoint Application Combined with Ear Plaster Therapy for Treating Sleep Disorders with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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  • Analysis of data on AF prevalence, risk factors, and CPAP efficacy.
  • Examination of findings related to sudden death patterns and pacing indications in OSA.

    • Main Results:

    • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has demonstrated efficacy in preventing the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardioversion.
    • Patients with OSA exhibit a higher risk of sudden death during nighttime hours compared to the general population, with hypoxia suggested as a trigger.
    • CPAP therapy shows a beneficial effect in reducing the risk of sudden death in OSA patients.
    • The role of pacemaker therapy in OSA remains debated; generally not indicated for nocturnal bradyarrhythmias, but considered by some for severe cases unresponsive to CPAP.
    • A significant proportion of patients with permanent pacemakers (59%) have been found to have OSA.

    Conclusions:

    • OSA is strongly associated with cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation.
    • CPAP therapy is a crucial intervention for managing AF and reducing sudden death risk in OSA patients.
    • The management of bradyarrhythmias in OSA requires careful consideration, with pacing indications still under investigation.