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Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Spinal Cord01:26

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Activity-based Training on a Treadmill with Spinal Cord Injured Wistar Rats
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Robotic training and spinal cord plasticity.

V Reggie Edgerton1, Roland R Roy

  • 1Department of Physiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. vre@ucla.edu

Brain Research Bulletin
|November 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal cord injuries can impair walking, but the spinal cord can reorganize. Task-specific motor training, especially with robotics using an "assist-as-needed" approach, enhances locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The spinal cord possesses inherent plasticity, enabling reorganization and adaptation following injury.
  • Locomotor functions like stepping and standing can be regained by utilizing remaining neural pathways and peripheral input.
  • Motor training is crucial for spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation, promoting task-specific recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for locomotor ability recovery after spinal cord injury.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of task-specific motor training, particularly robotic-assisted training, in enhancing functional recovery.
  • To explore the role of variability and natural movement patterns in rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human and animal studies on spinal cord plasticity and motor recovery.
  • Analysis of task-specific motor training principles, including the impact of training variability.
  • Examination of robotic-assisted step training, focusing on the "assist-as-needed" paradigm and integration of natural movement.

Main Results:

  • The spinal cord can reorganize to control stepping and standing post-injury.
  • Task-specific training (e.g., step training) improves corresponding motor functions.
  • "Assist-as-needed" robotic step training promotes successful rehabilitation by allowing controlled variability and natural movement patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury is possible due to spinal cord plasticity.
  • Varied, task-specific motor training, especially with robotic assistance, is effective for rehabilitation.
  • Robotic devices can aid therapists in maximizing locomotor recovery for individuals with spinal cord injuries.