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The effect of clonidine on VEGF expression in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19)
Kazuhiko Watanabe1, Xue-Yun Zhang, Kiyotaka Kitagawa
1Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
Background:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of clonidine, an alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(2)-ADR) agonist, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and secretion in the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) stimulated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).
Methods:
Alpha(2)-ADRs (alpha(2)A, alpha(2)B, and alpha(2)C) mRNA expression in ARPE-19 cells was examined by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clonidine and inhibitors against protein kinases that are involved in the regulation of the intracellular signal transduction were added to serum-free medium before stimulation of IL-1beta. The alpha(2)-ADR antagonist, Yohimbine, was loaded 30 min before the addition of clonidine. The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein was measured by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results:
Alpha(2)A-ADR, alpha(2)B-ADR, and alpha(2)C-ADR mRNA was expressed in RPE cells. Clonidine, an inhibitor of p38MAPK and MEK1/2, inhibited the expression of VEGF protein and mRNA in the RPE cells stimulated with IL-1beta. The inhibitory effect of clonidine on the secretion of VEGF protein stimulated with IL-1beta was blocked by alpha(2)-ADR antagonists.
Conclusions:
The effect of clonidine on the expression of VEGF may be via suppression of the p38MAPK and MEK1/2 signal transduction pathways activated with IL-1beta.
