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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
Published on: October 30, 2013
Novel therapeutics in metastatic bladder cancer
Alexandros Lekas1, Thomas G Papathomas, Athanasios G Papatsoris
1National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sismanoglio General Hospital, Medical School, 2nd Department of Urology, Athens, Greece.
Background:
Albeit transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a chemosensitive neoplasm, metastatic disease is related with poor prognosis and short-term survival data.
Objective:
Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy is recognised as the golden standard therapy for patients with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer. However, owing to treatment-related toxicities and short-response durations, novel treatment options or agents, with both enhanced efficacy and tolerability, have been sought.
Methods:
Reviewing the current status and addressing the future of novel anticancer therapeutics in metastatic urinary bladder cancer.
Results/Conclusion:
Non-platinum, single agents, such as gemcitabine and taxanes, as well as multidrug regimens in doublet or triplet chemotherapeutic combinations are regarded as promising alternatives. Dose intensification of conventional regimens, dose-dense sequential administration of new agents, the use of molecular markers for predicting chemosensitivity and the integration of biologically targeted agents to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy are promising approaches.
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