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Viruses and kidney disease: beyond HIV
Meryl Waldman1, Vickie Marshall, Denise Whitby
1Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-1268, USA. waldmanm@niddk.nih.gov
Seminars in Nephrology
|November 18, 2008
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients face risks of new or reactivated viral infections, many impacting the kidneys. This review covers renal issues from hepatitis C, BK virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and parvovirus B19 in HIV patients.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
Background:
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are susceptible to new viral co-infections and reactivation of latent infections.
- Immunodeficiency and shared risk factors predispose HIV patients to various viral infections.
- Several viral infections can manifest in the kidneys, either through direct viral attack or immune complex deposition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the renal manifestations of specific viral infections in HIV-positive patients.
- To discuss treatment strategies for these viral renal complications.
- To explore novel methods for identifying new viral renal pathogens.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on renal manifestations of hepatitis C virus, BK virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and parvovirus B19 in HIV patients.
- Discussion of diagnostic approaches, including the use of a viral gene chip for detecting viral DNA or RNA.
Main Results:
- HIV patients are prone to renal complications from various viral infections.
- Specific viruses like hepatitis C, BK virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and parvovirus B19 have notable renal impacts.
- A viral gene chip offers a promising method for identifying novel viral renal pathogens.
Conclusions:
- Viral infections pose significant risks to kidney health in HIV-infected individuals.
- Comprehensive understanding and management of these viral infections are crucial for renal protection.
- Advanced molecular techniques like viral gene chips enhance the identification of emerging viral threats to the kidney.
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