Diabetes mellitus in a nanday conure (Nandayus nenday)

Area of Science:

• Avian Medicine
• Endocrinology
• Pathology

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus is uncommon in birds, with limited research on its presentation and management in psittacine species.
• Understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes in birds is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies.

Observation:

• A 3-year-old nanday conure presented with symptoms of hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria, alongside low serum insulin levels.
• Histopathology revealed pancreatic islet atrophy and lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates, suggesting autoimmune destruction of endocrine tissue.
• Immunohistochemistry confirmed the absence of insulin and presence of glucagon in remaining pancreatic islets.

Findings:

• The conure was diagnosed with insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus.
• Treatment with insulin and supportive care initially stabilized blood glucose levels.
• Despite treatment, the bird experienced respiratory distress and lethargy, ultimately leading to death, with post-mortem examination revealing near-complete depletion of the endocrine pancreas.

Implications:

• This case highlights the potential for autoimmune-mediated diabetes mellitus in nanday conures.
• The findings underscore the need for further research into avian pancreatic diseases and diabetes.
• Effective long-term management strategies for avian diabetes require further investigation.