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Related Concept Videos

DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...

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Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
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Mapping DNA structural variation in dogs.

Wei-Kang Chen1, Joshua D Swartz, Laura J Rush

  • 1Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.

Genome Research
|November 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural variations (SV) in dog DNA significantly impact traits and diseases. Researchers mapped canine copy number variations (CNVs), finding they affect genes and associate with breed-specific characteristics, aiding genetic research.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Comparative Genomics
  • Canine Biology

Background:

  • Structural variation (SV) contributes significantly to genetic diversity, but its biological implications remain largely unknown.
  • Dogs exhibit extensive genetic history and phenotypic diversity, making them a valuable model for studying SV's effects on biology and disease.
  • Hundreds of dog breeds, developed through selection for specific traits, often carry increased risks for distinct diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create the first comprehensive map of DNA copy number variation (CNV) in dogs.
  • To investigate the functional impact and breed-specific distribution of canine CNVs.
  • To explore the utility of a canine SV catalog for identifying genetic underpinnings of traits and diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) to map DNA copy number variation (CNV) across diverse dog breeds.
  • Performed cluster analysis on identified CNV regions to assess breed groupings.
  • Integrated CNV data with knowledge of flanking sequences and gene functions.

Main Results:

  • The extent and affected gene classes of canine CNVs are comparable to those observed in mice and humans.
  • The majority of identified canine CNVs impact genes, including those associated with diseases, suggesting functional relevance.
  • CNVs were found to be potentially breed or breed-class specific, with cluster analysis aligning breeds based on CNV patterns.
  • Many CNVs are in linkage disequilibrium with flanking sequences and associated with breed-specific traits.

Conclusions:

  • Canine structural variations, particularly CNVs, are widespread and functionally significant.
  • CNVs are associated with breed-specific traits and diseases, offering insights into canine evolution and health.
  • A catalog of structural variation in dogs will accelerate the discovery of genetic bases for canine traits and diseases.