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Endocrine changes in sows exposed to elevated ambient temperature during lactation.

C R Barb1, M J Estienne, R R Kraeling

  • 1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30613.

Domestic Animal Endocrinology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

High ambient temperatures during lactation alter sow endocrine function, affecting hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH). Elevated heat impacts reproductive hormone responses and stress hormone levels in sows.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Environmental Physiology

Background:

  • Lactating sows experience significant physiological stress.
  • Environmental temperature is a critical factor influencing sow productivity and health.
  • Understanding the endocrine responses to heat stress is crucial for optimizing animal welfare and reproductive success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of elevated ambient temperature during lactation on sow endocrine function.
  • To assess the impact of heat stress on key reproductive and stress-related hormones.
  • To determine the influence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and naloxone (NAL) on hormonal profiles in heat-stressed sows.

Main Methods:

  • Seven sows were housed in environmental chambers at either 22°C or 30°C during lactation.

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  • Blood samples were collected frequently on days 24 and 25 of lactation.
  • Hormonal responses to intravenous injections of TRH, GnRH, and NAL were evaluated.

    • Main Results:

    • Sows in the 30°C environment had lower backfat thickness and altered luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse patterns.
    • Elevated temperature increased the prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) response to TRH.
    • Cortisol concentrations and response to naloxone were reduced in sows exposed to higher temperatures.
    • Naloxone decreased prolactin secretion, with a greater GH response observed in the 30°C group.

    Conclusions:

    • Exposure to elevated ambient temperature during lactation significantly alters sow endocrine function.
    • Heat stress impacts reproductive hormone secretion and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
    • These findings highlight the importance of thermal environment management for lactating sows.