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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Metacognition and part-set cuing: can interference be predicted at retrieval?

Matthew G Rhodes1, Alan D Castel

  • 1Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USA. matthew.rhodes@colostate.edu

Memory & Cognition
|November 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Participants could not predict how retrieval cues would impair memory recall. However, practice with part-set cuing improved memory prediction accuracy, suggesting sensitivity to retrieval interference develops over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Prior research focused on encoding interference, not retrieval interference.
  • The impact of retrieval cues on memory prediction remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate predictions of memory performance under retrieval interference.
  • To examine the effects of part-set cuing on recall and prediction accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments exposed participants to part-set cuing before memory retrieval.
  • Participants predicted their overall memory performance.
  • Semantic and episodic memory tasks were used.

Main Results:

  • Part-set cuing reduced recall performance across experiments.
  • Participants failed to predict the negative impact of part-set cues on memory.
  • Prediction accuracy improved with practice and transferred to new tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Participants are not always aware of retrieval variables affecting memory.
  • Sensitivity to retrieval interference can be learned through experience.
  • Understanding metacognitive awareness of memory retrieval is crucial.