[Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)]

Despite the implementation of a multimodal concept of treatment, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is still afflicted with high mortality rates. A reasonable application and combination of possible treatment strategies, such as prone position, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), restrictive volume therapy or nitric oxide (NO), requires pathophysiological and epidemiological knowledge. In the following article we describe basic pathophysiological parameters in development, progression and therapy of ARDS. Furthermore, we try to elucidate possible reasons for considerable limitations of multicentric studies in this field.