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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

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Published on: September 9, 2022

Disease-modifying agents for multiple sclerosis: recent advances and future prospects.

Til Menge1, Martin S Weber, Bernhard Hemmer

  • 1Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Drugs
|November 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

New multiple sclerosis (MS) treatments show promise, with oral and biologic agents in clinical trials. While effective, these advanced therapies may carry rare but serious risks like infections and malignancies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system autoimmune disease.
  • Current treatments for relapsing MS and secondary-progressive MS are primarily parenteral immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of MS.
  • To discuss current and emerging treatment options for MS, including novel oral and biologic agents.
  • To critically evaluate the efficacy and safety of these new therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on MS pathogenesis and treatment.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for novel MS therapeutics.
  • Assessment of adverse event profiles for new MS medications.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements in understanding MS pathogenesis have led to new drug development.
  • Oral agents like fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, cladribine, and laquinimod demonstrate efficacy, particularly in reducing contrast-enhancing lesions.
  • Biological agents, including monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins, are in late-stage trials for relapsing MS.
  • Neuroprotection and regeneration strategies are still in early development.

Conclusions:

  • Novel oral and biologic therapies offer new treatment avenues for MS with demonstrated efficacy.
  • These potent treatments are associated with rare but serious adverse effects, including infections and malignancies, requiring careful monitoring.
  • Further research into neuroprotection and regeneration is needed.