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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Virtual Reality Tools for Assessing Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Novel Opportunity for Data Collection
07:04

Virtual Reality Tools for Assessing Unilateral Spatial Neglect: A Novel Opportunity for Data Collection

Published on: March 10, 2021

Neural substrates of visuospatial processing in distinct reference frames: evidence from unilateral spatial neglect.

Jared Medina1, Vijay Kannan, Mikolaj A Pawlak

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, USA. jared.medina@uphs.upenn.edu

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|November 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study differentiates spatial neglect processing using distinct reference frames. Findings link the dorsal visual stream to egocentric spatial encoding and the ventral stream to allocentric encoding after stroke.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Visuospatial processing involves viewer-centered, stimulus-centered, and object-centered frames of reference.
  • Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) studies often treat it as a uniform condition, leading to inconsistent findings regarding its neural basis.
  • Differentiating USN by reference frame is crucial for understanding its underlying neural mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of visuospatial processing across different reference frames.
  • To examine how right supratentorial ischemic stroke affects egocentric and allocentric spatial encoding.
  • To differentiate the neural loci of spatial encoding based on reference frame.

Main Methods:

  • 171 subjects with right supratentorial ischemic stroke underwent testing within 48 hours of onset.
  • A battery of tests was used to disambiguate different types of spatial neglect.
  • MR perfusion and diffusion-weighted imaging were employed to assess brain dysfunction and infarcts.

Main Results:

  • Results support a dorsal/ventral stream distinction in egocentric/allocentric processing.
  • The dorsal visual stream, including the right supramarginal gyrus, is implicated in egocentric spatial encoding.
  • The ventral stream, including the posterior inferior temporal gyrus, is associated with allocentric spatial encoding.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial encoding relies on distinct neural pathways within the visual streams.
  • Egocentric spatial processing is linked to the dorsal stream, while allocentric processing is linked to the ventral stream.
  • This research clarifies the neural basis of visuospatial processing in the context of unilateral spatial neglect.