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Updated: Jun 27, 2026
Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
Published on: November 28, 2018
Usefulness of intraoperative real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgery
Thierry V Scohy1, Folkert J Ten Cate, Patrick V E L Lecomte
1Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. t.scohy@erasmusmc.nl
Background:
Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography allow to obtain real-time 3D transesophageal (RT3DTEE) images intraoperatively.
Methods:
Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed: hypertrophic ventricular septum (TTE:19.3 mm), systolic anterior motion (SAM) not causing obstruction and malcoaptation of the anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL), and posterior mitral valve leaflet (PMVL) with severe mitral regurgitation.
Results:
Intraoperative TEE with a x7-2t MATRIX-array transducer (Philips, Andover, MA, USA) with a transducer frequency of x7-2 t mHz, connected to a iE33 (Philips), shows us that the main mechanism and site of regurgitation was an AMVL cleft. We also measured a 24.3-mm thickness of the ventricular septum and analyzing the 3D full volume acquisition revealed that there was no SAM.
Conclusion:
Intraoperative RT3DTEE permitted comprehensive 3D viewing of the mitral valve revealing the mechanism of mitral valve regurgitation, SAM, and the exact width of the hypertrophic ventricular septum.
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