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Related Concept Videos

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Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Evaluation of Respiratory System Mechanics in Mice using the Forced Oscillation Technique
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Exercise induced bronchoconstriction and sports.

A Billen1, L Dupont

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. annelies@doctors.org.uk

Postgraduate Medical Journal
|November 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is airway narrowing common in athletes, often triggered by exercise. Diagnosis relies on lung function tests, with treatments including beta2-agonists and inhaled steroids.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is acute airway narrowing during/after exercise, prevalent in elite athletes.
  • Potential triggers include hyperventilation of dry/cold air and pollutant/allergen inhalation.
  • Associated airway inflammation may differ from typical asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in athletes.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and screening recommendations.
  • To address drug doping regulations and practical advice for athletes and healthcare providers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on EIB pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
  • Emphasis on objective lung function measures and provocation tests for diagnosis.
  • Discussion of pharmacological treatments including beta2-agonists, sodium cromoglycate, inhaled steroids, and leukotriene receptor antagonists.

Main Results:

  • Accurate diagnosis of EIB requires objective lung function measures and provocation tests.
  • Pharmacological interventions like beta2-agonists and inhaled steroids are effective treatments.
  • Screening high-risk athletes (swimmers, cyclists, etc.) is recommended by some experts.

Conclusions:

  • EIB is a significant condition in athletes requiring accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment.
  • A stepwise approach to treatment, starting with pre-exercise medication, is recommended.
  • Understanding and adhering to drug doping regulations is crucial for competitive athletes.