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Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State01:21

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Analyzing the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Microbial Traversal through Microvascular Endothelial Cells
06:26

Analyzing the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Microbial Traversal through Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: February 14, 2020

[Inappropriate low glycated hemoglobin and hemolysis].

A Debard1, S Charmion, S Ben Ameur

  • 1Service de médecine interne, hôpital Nord, 42055 Saint-Etienne cedex 2, France. alexa.debard@gmail.com

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|November 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be falsely low in diabetic patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, like Evans syndrome. This hematologic condition can mask high blood glucose levels, impacting diabetes management.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Analyzing the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Microbial Traversal through Microvascular Endothelial Cells
06:26

Analyzing the Permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Microbial Traversal through Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: February 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a critical marker for monitoring long-term glycemic control in diabetes mellitus.
  • Maintaining HbA1c below 6.5% is essential for preventing or reducing the risk of diabetic chronic complications.
  • HbA1c provides an average blood glucose measurement over the preceding 3 months.

Observation:

  • A case study involving a diabetic patient presented with unusually low HbA1c levels.
  • Despite the low HbA1c, the patient exhibited high plasma glucose levels.
  • This discrepancy was attributed to autoimmune hemolysis secondary to Evans syndrome.

Findings:

  • Autoimmune hemolytic disorders, such as Evans syndrome, can lead to falsely low HbA1c values.
  • Hemolytic conditions interfere with the accurate measurement of HbA1c, potentially misrepresenting glycemic control.
  • The rate of red blood cell turnover in hemolysis affects HbA1c readings.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must consider the patient's hematologic status when interpreting HbA1c results.
  • Falsely reassuring HbA1c values in hemolytic disorders can lead to inadequate diabetes management.
  • Awareness of hemolysis is crucial for accurate diabetes care and complication prevention.